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Christopher Cole (Royal Navy officer)
Captain Sir Christopher Cole KCB (10 June 1770 – 24 August 1836) was a prominent officer of the British Royal Navy who served in the American Revolutionary War, the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. Although he saw distinguished service in all three conflicts, he is best known for his exploits in the Dutch East Indies in 1810 and 1811, in which he was instrumental in the capture of the islands of Amboyna and Java. Cole's early career involved extensive service in the Caribbean Sea, operating against the French during the last years of the American Revolutionary Wars and serving in several large battles. During the peace that followed, Cole remained in the Navy and forged a working relationship with Captain Edward Pellew that would last two decades.
During his later career, Cole was commended for his service on operations in Surinam, and was praised in 1808 for his part in a successful diplomatic mission to Fath Ali Shah, the ruler of Persia, although the aftermath of the mission would lead to a breakdown in his relationship with Pellew, by this time the British commander in the Indian Ocean. In 1810, Cole was sent to the Dutch East Indies during a campaign to seize them and launched an attack on the well-fortified island of Banda Neira. Despite a disastrous start to the operation, Cole personally led a tiny force of men into the main fortress on the island and captured it, prompting a total surrender. This was followed in 1811 with an invasion of Java, which Cole planned and successfully executed. Highly praised and well rewarded for his service, Cole entered politics at the end of the war and twice sat as a member of parliament before his death in 1836.
==Early life==
Christopher Cole was born in June 1770, the son of Humphrey and Phillis Cole, in Marazion, Cornwall. In May 1780 at age nine, Cole was sent to sea to accompany his brother John, chaplain on the Royal Navy ship of the line HMS ''Royal Oak'' under Captain Sir Digby Dent. ''Royal Oak'' was stationed off North America at the time, participating in the American Revolutionary War, and Cole subsequently accompanied Dent to HMS ''Raisonnable'' and then HMS ''Russell'', the flagship of Commodore Sir Samuel Drake in the West Indies. While serving on ''Russell'', Cole was engaged at the Battle of Fort Royal in April 1781. In June 1781, Cole moved ships again, joining HMS ''Princessa'' with Drake. ''Princessa'' served in numerous actions over the following year, including the Battle of the Chesapeake in September 1781, the Battle of St. Kitts in January 1782 and the Battle of the Saintes in April 1782.〔Tracy, p. 85〕
Following the Treaty of Versailles that ended the war, Cole remained in service aboard his brother Commander Francis Cole's 12-gun ship HMS ''Trepassey'' at Halifax. In May 1783, Cole moved to HMS ''Atalante'' under Captain Thomas Foley and remained on board until February 1785 when he moved to the frigate HMS ''Winchelsea'' under the command of Captain Edward Pellew. Pellew and Cole were to have a lengthy and close working relationship over the next twenty years. Cole was in ''Winchelsea'' for three years before moving to HMS ''Crown'' at the recommendation of Drake. ''Crown'' was sent to the East Indies under Commodore William Cornwallis later in 1789, and Cole, who had passed his lieutenant's examination in January was frustrated by the lengthy delay in his promotion, occasioned by distance and the death of Drake in November.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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